Layer 1

Understand OSI Layer 1 in Linux.

At layer 1 we have all out physical devices like network cards, video, RAM, USB, SATA/IDE and their respective interconnect BUSes.

So if we want to troubleshoot some device on our machine we need to understand what BUS it uses to communicate internally and what Kernel modules are associated .

PCI BUS

Network Cards

Identify BUSes IDs

Usually network cards are connected through a PCi BUS and on Linux to verify everything related to PCI BUS we have the lspci command.

[synman@server ~]$ lspci

lspci -M

Kernel Module

grep 8168 /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/modules.pcimap